Shopping for an investment property is exciting and overwhelming at the same time. In a buyer’s market, you have a lot of choices. Besides the home’s layout and style, you should look at the financial factors to determine if it will ultimately be a good investment.
One of the most important factors is the gross rent multiplier. Think of it as your ‘break-even point’ or the time it takes to earn back what you invested in the property. The GRM creates an ‘apples to apples’ comparison when looking at other investment properties on the market.
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What Is Gross Rent Multiplier?
The gross rent multiplier uses the property’s gross rental income compared to its price. The Formula is simple:
Gross Rent Multiplier Formula
Gross Rent Multiplier = Property Price / Gross Annual Rent
Gross Rent Multiplier Example
The GRM calculation tells you how many years (or months) it takes to earn back what you invested.
Here’s an example:
Let’s say you bought a rental property for $250,000 and can charge $2,500 in rent or $30,000 annually. It would take you 8.33 years to earn back the cost of the home. In other words, you must collect rent for 100 months or 8.33 years to pay off the home.
What the GRM does is level the playing field, though. Let’s say another investment property interests you and it costs $200,000. It sounds like a better deal, right? Let’s look at the GRM.
Let’s say you could collect $1,500 rent on this property. Your GRM would be:
$200,000/$18,000 = 11.1 years or 133 months.
Property B
- Property Price: $250,000
- Gross Annual Rent: $2,500 * 12
- GRM = $250,000 / $30,000
- GRM = 8.33 Years
Property B
- Property Price: $200,000
- Gross Annual Rent: $1,500 * 12
- GRM = $200,000 / $18,000
- GRM = 11.1 Years
In this example, you can see that the more expensive home has a lower GRM and is a better deal from that perspective. You would be able to pay off the $250,000 3 years faster in this particular example.
What Is A Good Gross Rent Multiplier?
For most rental property investors, a good GRM ranges from 4 to 7, but this can change according to the market and the property type.
The lower the GRM, the faster you pay off the property, while the higher the GRM, the longer it takes to pay off the property, using rental income.
On average, aim for a GRM of 4 to 7. That’s the ideal number. Some investors may prefer a higher or lower Gross Rent Multiplier as a personal preference. In the end, it’s how long you can wait to pay the property off in full. The quicker you do, the more profits you make.
There’s a twist, though. A low GRM doesn’t automatically mean it’s a great investment. You could find a property priced ridiculously low and think your 2.5 GRM means it’s a great deal, hands down.
Look at the rental property closely. Consider the cost of renovations and/or repairs. Is it run down and in desperate need of an overhaul? This increases the property’s cost. Try comparing similar properties when using the GRM comparison. If you’re buying fixer-uppers, look at homes that require around the same amount of work or at least the same cost. If you’re buying move-in ready homes, look for those that require minimal (or no) work.
Should You Use Gross Rent Multiplier?
Each investor vets a property differently, but let’s look at the pros and cons of using the GRM.
Pros:
- Anyone can calculate a GRM with two simple numbers.
- It’s easy to figure out the gross rental income by looking at the area’s fair market rent.
- It’s simple to compare properties on equal terms rather than looking at only the price, which isn’t a good indicator of its profitability.
Cons:
- The formula doesn’t consider the operating expenses. Some homes cost more than others to operate, which increases the total cost of owning the home. A property with a lower GRM may have higher operating costs and vice versa.
- It doesn’t take into consideration vacancies or other expenses affecting your net income.
How Calculate Property Price when using the Gross Rent Multiplier Formula
To ensure that you enter the correct property value when using the formula, your best bet is to use recent comparable sold properties (comps). Using comparable property is a tried and trusted method for working out the fair market value of a home.
The underlying goal is to find homes that have extremely similar dimensions, specs and features to the investment property that you are evaluating. For instance, if you are working out the GRM for a 3 bedroom 250 square foot home in West Hartford Connecticut, gaining access to the recently sold price of other 3 bedroom houses with a similar square footage is the best place to start.
One simple way to source comps is with an ARV calculator, while Zillow’s recently sold filter can also be helpful. You can learn about other ways to get comps on a house in this article.
Final Thoughts
The gross rent multiplier gives you a good idea of a home’s profitability. It’s not the only consideration, but on the surface level, it tells you whether a home is worth buying or not.
Since you only need the property’s purchase price and fair market value rent, it’s easy enough to figure out the GRM quickly. If a home has a GRM that exceeds your threshold, you know to move onto the next property. If it falls within your range, it’s worth spending time determining other factors about the home including its operating expenses, potential vacancies, and the overall profits.
Look at the big picture when choosing the right investment property. Ignoring the gross rent multiplier could mean the difference between buying a profitable investment and losing your shirt on an investment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does the GRM formula work for commercial property as well?
In short, yes. The GRM formula works for and residential . The only caveat is that is that the GRM result will typically be higher when evaluating , meaning that commercial properties tend to take longer to pay off.